Guest post by Teresa Lynn (aka TLynn)
This chapter begins with the same optimism found in the book so far, with the revelation that Mary is at long last going to be able to go to college in the fall. Things have gone well for the Ingalls this year. Pa earned nearly $100 from his carpentry work in town that spring, and their crops of oats and corn are growing well, along with the garden.
It seems there is always something to contend with on the prairie, however, and Laura and Mary encounter Spanish needle grass on their walk. (I have experienced this myself, and it can feel like a bite. You have to snip off the head and pull it through to remove it from your clothing.)  Luckily they didn’t notice much of  it while walking, so Pa can burn it out.
While enjoying a dinner of potatoes, peas, string beans, onions and tomatoes from the garden they discuss the bounty of the farm.  (Do any of you eat tomatoes with sugar and cream? I love fresh tomatoes, but have not tried them this way.)  It seems that the Ingalls family will be well prepared this winter! Then Ma mentions the oats – but Pa says the blackbirds are eating most of them. Every time I read, “Ma’s cheerful faced dimmed,” I get a horrible feeling of foreboding – even though I know how everything turns out.
Pa seems undaunted, however, so plans for Mary carry on, with the preparation of her college wardrobe.
I have always wondered why the winter wool dress was so much more difficult for Ma than the others. “She had made the summer dresses first, for practice with the patterns.” So it must have been at least a similar pattern. For whatever reason, Ma seems to have trouble with this winter dress, and has to re-do seams several times. Laura sees for the first time, by the way “her patience was so tight around her mouth,” that even Ma hates sewing.
In addition to the difficult pattern, they must decide whether to sew for hoops, or no hoops. Ah, women and their fashion worries!  What will be in style next fall in Iowa? There is no Godey’s Lady’s Book to be found, so they must improvise and make the dress suitable to wear either way.
Laura describes all the pretty clothes, including underwear, that they are making for Mary. They put such pretty trim on them all. Every time I read the description of the winter dress, it makes me wish I had one – and somewhere to wear it! But after all the work on the dress, and re-sewing of seams, Mary can’t button it up! Ma is in despair, but then Laura realizes that Mary’s corset strings have stretched. After pulling the strings tight, “the bodice buttoned, and it fitted beautifully.” They do finally finish the sewing.
That evening, Pa shoots blackbirds. Although no one likes this, they know that it is truly a fight for survival…them or the birds. Still, when Laura goes to bring some roasting ears for dinner, blackbirds keept flying all around her. She realizes that the blackbirds were eating the corn! Laura tries to chase them away, but there are so many that she is no match for them. Going to tell Pa about it, he says he shot a hundred or more and cleared them out of the oats. He doesn’t seem too worried…until Laura asks, “Pa, if you don’t get a corn crop, can – can Mary go to college?” Now Pa looks bleak. After dinner, he tries to shoot them out of the corn, and they begin to recognize that the shooting was not what cleared the birds out of the oats; it was just that they had eaten all the oats! Pa uses all his cartridges, and goes to town for more. While he’s gone, Ma and the girls try to keep the birds away, but it’s no use. Pa shoots blackbirds all evening, but more and more come. Finally he brings in some of the birds he had shot. “I never heard of anyone’s eating blackbirds,” he said, “but these must be good meat, and they’re as fat as butter.” Ma responds with one of her practical axioms: “There’s no great loss without some small gain.” The fried birds were delicious.
Pa finally gives up the corn crop for gone, and encourages Ma to make meals of birds and what corn they can salvage. Laura and Carrie gathered several apronsful of ears, and they dry them for future use – an idea borrowed from the Indians, as Pa reminds Ma.
For dinner, there is blackbird pie – even better than chicken pie. In addition, there is more bounty from the garden: new potatoes, peas, cucumbers, and carrots. There is even cottage cheese and more tomatoes with sugar and cream. “And the day was not even Sunday.” Laura thinks, “Ma is right, there is always something to be thankful for.” Still, she knows that the loss of the oats and the corn means that they will not have the funds for  Mary to go to college that year. Her heart is heavy with disappointment.
But as Pa leaves the dinner table, he remarks that tomorrow, they will go pick out Mary’s trunk. Even Mary gasps, showing that she also had given up the dream; and like her, with never a word of complaint. Pa seems astonished that anyone had thought Mary might not go to college that fall after all. He did not realize the girls would be worrying over money; but he already has a plan, to sell the heifer calf. It is Mary who cries out, “Oh no! Not the heifer!” It sets Pa back a year, but as Ma says, “We must cut our coat to fit our cloth,” and Pa remarks that “now we’ve made up our minds you’re going. A flock of pesky blackbirds can’t stop us.” And so the indomitable pioneer spirit carries them through another hurdle, and things are not as dark as it seemed they might become.
Comments22
Thank you for posting the picture of the needlegrass! I’m intrigued you’ve experience it yourself – it’s ont of those things which sounds so odd that I’ve always vaguely wondered if it was an exaggeration. I’ve seen wild grasses which look like the one pictured, but they can’t be the same because they didn’t bite 😉
I’ve never tried tomatoes with sugar and cream but I’m a fan of pretty much anything with cream so I’d be willing to give it a go. Not sure about the sugar – I’ve read somewhere (Barbara Walker, maybe?) tomatoes were more bitter in those days so maybe the sugar wouldn’t be needed. On the other hand I’m a big fan of lettcue with vinegar and sugar – my Grandpa wouldn’t allow any other dressing on lettuce!
I love Ma’s “no great loss without some small gain” expression, but not sure I’d want to eat blackbird pie…
I think that the “pre-hybrid” tomatoes were much more sour than our tomatoes today. Also, tomatoes are properly categorized as a fruit rather than a vegetable – and this makes this method make more sense (like sugared strawberries with cream).
I think I always assumed that the wool was much more expensive than the other fabric, so Ma was much more careful because the fabric would be so costly to replace than cotton fabrics. Can you imagine sitting under heaps of wool in July or August?
When I was a child and read this (all of the work to make sure Mary’s clothes were just so) I genuinely did not understand. Wasn’t she going to college of the blind? Who would see and judge her clothing there?
Just wated all the chapter girls to know how much I’m loving reading these posts! Thanks to you all.
I alway thought Ma was fretting over the dress because it was a sign that her daughter was growing up and leaving home.
Wouldn’t you hate to be Mary in July or August standing in a wool dress in the heat, then they say your corset strings aren’t tight enough? Ugh, so glad that styles have changed.
Gosh I’m so enjoying these read-alongs!
This is my favorite chapter in the book. The descriptions of Mary’s beautiful new dress and the mouth watering blackbird pie makes you forget about the financial implications of the lost crops.
-Karen
Probably the reason Ma had so much more difficulty with the wool dress is that the wool was thicker and did not drape the same way as the lighter fabrics – she probably used the same size seam allowances as she had on the summer ones, and that would have been too tight.
Even though Mary looked beautiful in her new winter dress, I always winced in pain for her. That dress must have been so horribly tight, her ribs must have been sore and she would have been unable to take a deep breath. How could you sit down in it? You must have had to keep ram-rod straight. Even though women still wear uncomfortable clothes (and high heels, not in my closet, thank you!) at least corsets are not expected any longer. Didn’t Ma say that Pa could span her waist with his hands when they were married? This boggles my mind more than sitting on the braids!
Melanie, the whole “spanning the waist with his hands” thing always got to me, too. I remember thinking, “Wow! Pa must have big hands!” 😛
Though I know people eat/ate song birds, having dressed off chickens and turkeys I gulp at the thought of plucking and gutting all those blackbirds. Surely, sans heads, tails, and lower legs, each must have been about the size of a hot dog! Meticulous, tough work! Whenever I reread LIW I am always amazed by the amount of WORK in the simplest day.
After reading this chapter as a young girl, I did, at the supper table, sprinkle sugar on my tomatoes and they were delicious! But my whole family frowned on the practice, my siblings actually cried out in protest. Which led to a discussion of why I did it, and then everyone thought I was strange. (This was before the TV series and my family may not have realized that Laura and her family were real people). That was at least 35 years ago. Laura was a big influence on me growing up, and I cant tell you how much I enjoy sharing that with people who loved her and the books as much as I did.
My Dad is 96. One of his favorite things to eat is cooked fresh corn with slices of tomatoes on top with sugar sprinkled on the tomatoes. It’s really a nice combination of flavors. Makes me look forward to summer and fresh vegetables.
It was a new dressmaker’s chart…she was making dresses from patterns she had never used before…that’s why she made the summer dress first….I just reread “little town” and that’s how I read it–and if you reread them making Laura’s dresses for her wedding, Ma is much more comfortable with the pattern by then
The dress would have been lined, fitting issues happen when you have to cut wool and a liner (probably muslin) sleeves, bodice at the least would have been lined, and possibly part of the skirt as well. As a Victorian gown seamstress, lots of room for error.
And please, do not continue the corset myths. Women moved around just fine. And Ma was progressive, she wouldn’t have allowed tight lacing, so Mary’s corset strings needing tightening wouldn’t have meant much other than her sleeves wouldn’t have fit if she wasn’t standing straight enough, sleeve seams sat farther back than at the shoulder, they’re more behind it, so a bad fit means the dress won’t fit properly.
Please see my tumblr entry here of women in 1886 jumping rope and over tennis nets. http://dirtygirldesigns-etsy.tumblr.com/tagged/you-can%27t-do-that-in-a-corset-lies-dispelled
Where did you get the idea that Ma was ‘progressive’ in this way?
I’ve never seen anything to suggest it. While it’s very likely that neither she nor her daughters laced extremely tightly, this was a practical issue, not one of progressiveness — they were hard-working women who did need to be able to move and bend and breathe freely. But they did wear corsets (as pictures of the family show), and the dialogue in the scene makes it clear that she is concerned about Laura’s figure if she doesn’t wear her corset at night and Laura herself admires Mary’s slim figure.
(And one thing I notice in your blog is that while the women in the pictures are moving, they are moving only from the waist down. They aren’t really able to bend at the waist.)
About the corsets:
While dressing Mary, Laura says: “Don’t breathe, Mary! Don’t breathe!”
The dress can’t be buttoned without the corset and if she breathes, the buttons will come off.
That tells me, that the corset was quite restricting her.
Commenting on her own corset-waering, Laura says:
“‘You should wear them all night,’ Ma said. Mary did, but Laura could not bear at night the torment of the steels that would not let her draw a deep breath.”
All this sounds especially strange to me, as Mary, the model corset-wearer, won’t marry and so it might have been of no consequence if her waist was slender or not.
Also the whole college-going is utterly sad, considering that this were probably some of her happiest years (without the family) and she spent the rest of her lift doing not much (except for house-work) and seeing not many people.
All this money and preparation were in my mind “only” for her satisfaction of having (had) a good education, not for any use except maybe keeping her mind occupied in the empty (and lonely) years to come.
It struck me as strange that Mary, who could not work, was supported at all cost to attend college while Laura, who used her education for a short time to make money, was essentially self-taught (not much schooling during the year, studying from books at home).
Speaking of schooling, I was always impressed by Ma, who married at 20 and had to learn EVERYTHING she had to know to keep the family going and educating her daughters before her marriage. Up to the age of 20. Impressive.
No dictionary to look something up, probably no self-help books for lonely pioneer mothers, only her memory.
I agree with Naomi. While Ma had many, many wonderful qualities, I too have never seen ANYTHING to suggest she was “progressive.” And she did, in fact, urge Laura to sleep in her corsets… which Laura makes clear are very uncomfortable. A myth? I don’t think so.
FROM THE BOOK:
“You should wear them all night,” Ma said. Mary did, but Laura could not bear at night the torment of the steels that would not let her draw a deep breath. Always before she could get to sleep, she had to take off her corsets.
When I was a child in the 70s, I was regularly given bread with sliced tomatoes sprinkled with sugar. It’s delicious.
Also, like the Ingalls family, I remember my grandma having her lettuce dressed with sugar and vinegar. I can still remember the taste but somehow I can’t recreate it the we she made it.
Salad Dressing – I don’t know if this is even remotely close to what Laura was talking about in the books, but below is my grandmother’s salad dressing recipe (who was married in 1940). We use it to make cole slaw and I always have loved it! Try it if you’d like. Note that I like to triple the batch for one 16 oz. bag of cole slaw.
Salad Dressing:
1 1/2 Tablespoons sugar
2 Tablespoons vinegar (white)
A little salt
1 Tablespoon milk
-Mix together and add to slaw. (Might want to triple this recipe for a 16 oz. bag of slaw.)
This chapter has one of my favorite Laura-Ma moments: when Ma is admonishing Laura for not wearing her corsets, with the famous line that when she and Pa were married, he could span her waist with his hands. And Laura says, “He can’t now. And he seems to like you.” And Ma flushes and smiles a bit. It’s a nice moment for her, when she’s been taught to hide her feelings her whole life.
A young, woman would still want to look nice and fashionable, even if blind!! Corsets were expected, therefore she would wear corsets. And remember, not everyone who is legally blind is sightless. As well, Mary had teachers, she went shopping with Blanche, she probably dined out while at school, went to concerts or readings or lectures. Of course she’d want to look nice.
As far as her life, I do remember reading that she was fairly active in DeSmet, especially church affairs, up until she left to live with Carrie. She was mentioned more than once in the local paper. As well, she tied things like hammocks and sold them for income, so she essentially was a female owned and operated business!
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